Heat-exchanger



C. F. BRAUN.

HEAT EXCHANGER.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. I2, 1918.

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oolo m In mentor Karl E Brawn C. F. BRAUN.

HEAT EXCHANGER.

- APPLICA ION FILED SEPT. 12, 1918. 1,353,449. Patented Sept. 21, 1920.

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Carl E Bra/14,22

C. F. BRAUN.

HEAT EXCHANGER.

APPLICATION man SEPT, l2. 19m.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CARL F. BRAUN, OF .SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA.

HEAT-EXGHANGER. i I

To all whom it may concern: Be it known that I, CARL F. BRAUN, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city and county of San Francisco and State of I the greatest'part of the temperature head is required for transmitting the heat fromthe surface of the metal intothe'body of the fluid, and, since most fluids are very low conductors of. heat, this can only be accomplished efliciently by designing apparatus to increase the convection currents to-a maximum for any given pressure drop through the apparatus. If heat is to be transmitted from a liquid to a vapor satisfactory heat transfer can be obtained by passing the liquid through the tubes of the apparatus and surrounding the tubes by the vapor, the tubes being arrangedin groups so as to give the liquid high velocity convection currents, and it is not therefore necessary to agitatethe condensing or evaporating fluid. If two liquids are involved, and, particularly, if one of them is a very viscous fluid, it is difli, cult to,obtain sufficient agitation to produce the necessary convection currents, and in re cent years a number of devices have been developed to accomplish this object. For conunercial reasons nearly all of these structures have been of the tubulartype and have been provided with a system of transverse bafiie members. I Most of these structures have proven objectionable in practice as they have been designed so that the nozzles have been on opposite ends and the flow of the fluid outside of the tubeshas been parallel tothe flow of the fluid inside the tubes. A further objection has been that the fluid has not been in contact with the tubes during its entire flow and therefore unnecessary friction has been introduced.- The transverse baflles have also been excessive in number and expensive to manufacture.

It is the object of the present invention to overcome the above-mentioned defects by. designing a heat exchanging apparatus hav-' ing all of its nozzles at one end and being provided with longitudinally. and transversely extending baflles which will determine that the current of the two liquids Specification of Letters Patent.

use of an outer shell having removable heads at the opposite ends thereof, one of said members bemg provided with inlet and Patented Sept. 21, 1920. Application filed September 12, 1918. Serial No. 253,811.

outlet connections and the shell being formed with inlet and outlet connections at the end ad acent said head. The interior of the shell is further formed to receive a plurality of parallel tubes, a longitudinal baflle wall and walls. v

The invention is illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings in which 7 Figure 1 is a view in side elevation illustrating the completely assembled apparatus. Fig.2 isa view in longitudinal, vertical section disclosing the a series of transverse bafiie F 1g. 3 is a view, in endelevation illustrating the connections for the variousinduction and eduction pipes.

Fig. 4 1s a view in transverse sectionas seen through the shell on the line 44 of Fig. 2 and as particularly=disclosing the longitudinal baffle wall, the inlet and outlet passageways communicating therewith and the formation of one of the transverse baffie plates. I

Fig. 5 is a view in transverse section parts shown in Fig. 1 and the1r relation to each other."

the shell. I

Referring more particularly to the drawings, 10 indicates a cylindrical tubular shell which extends horizontally and has enlarged annular bolting flanges 11 and'12- at its oppos'ite ends. One of these flanges is provided to receive bolts 13 by which an end cap 14 is secured in position. shaped and forms a cavity which is a con-' tinuation of the cylindrical passageway through .the shell. The opposite'end of the wshell is formed with an encircling jacket 15 to which the flange 11 is united and which is spaced from the terminating end of the continuous tubular wall of the shell, as particularly shown in Fig. 2. This arrangement provides an annular circulating cham- This cap is domeber 16 passing around the end of the side wall of the shell and communicating with the interior thereof. As shown in Fig. 4, this annular chamber is fitted with an induction passageway 17 and an eduction pa'ssageway 18. These passageways are provided with appropriate flanges by which pipes may be bolted to the shell.

Extending longitudinally of the shell, substantially midway between the two passageways 17 and 18, is a partitionwall 19 which divides the upper part of the annular chamber 16. A similar partition wall 20 is disposed diametrically opposite from the half with the passageway 18.

wall 19 and completes the division of the chamber 16 into two equal halves: One half of this chamber will then be in communication with the passageway 17 and the other complementary portions of the chamber 16 and are therefore connected with the inlet and outlet passageways 17 and 18, the inlet passageway 17 being in communication with the longitudinal chamber A and the outlet passageway 18 being in communication with the longitudinal chamber B.

Circulation is effected between these chambers by the elimination of a length of baflle wall at the opposite end of the shell, thus allowing a free flow of liquid from one of the compartments to the other. In

terposed throughout the length of the shell and spaced equidistant from each other is a series of transverse bafile plates 23. These plates are'made in two forms and are arranged alternately throughout the length of the structure. The first baflle plate in the series is shown in Fig. 4 as having irregularshaped circulating openings 21, 25. 26, as

well as a plurality of small perforations through which tubes 27 extend. The openings 24 and 25 are disposed along one side of the longitudinal battle wall, while the opening 26 is disposed along the other. The

next transverse battle is reversed so that the opening 26 will occur in the chamber A, while the. openings 24 and 25 will occur in the chamber B. Due to this arrangement the flow of liquid throughout the length ofthe shell will be first through the openings 24 and 25 which are spaced a distance from each other, and then through the central sleeves The tubes 27 are mounted within ahead I plate 28, which is bolted between the flange 11 of the shell and a removable head cap 29. The opposite ends of the tubes are held by a boltingcross head 30 through which the tubes extend, and which is also provided with an end capv 31 which will insure that the sets of tubes will communicate with each other at this end. The opposite or forward.

end of the tubular core thus formed is adapted to communicate with inlet and-outlet pipes 32 and 33. These pipes form a part of the head cap 29 and are in separate communication with the tubes which extend down the opposite sides of the longitudinal bafile wall 22, the head cap 29 and the cap 31 being properly divided to agree with the positioning of the tubes in relation to the longitudinal baffle member. The core formed of the plate 28, the cross head 31 and the transverse baflle plates 23, is secured together by a longitudinal bolt 31 which extends through aseries of spacing sleeves 35.

These sleeves are in section and are inter-- posed between the bafiie walls 23. It is also to be noted that the longitudinal baflle member 22 is in section and that its oppositely disposed plates are formed integral with the Due to this sectional construction of the entire core it 'is quite easy to remove any of the elements when damaged and to readily replace them. i

In operation, one of "the liquids which passes through the apparatus is admitted through the passageway 17 and thereafter flowsthrough a part of the divided annular chamber 16 into the longitudinal compartment of the shell. Here it will travel alternately through the bafiie walls and will first be dispersed over the baffle plates to pass through theopenings 24 and 25 and then be restricted to pass through the opening 26. This action will expose the entire body of liquid to all of the pipes in.the apparatus, and, after it has passed the last longitudinal baflie section, it may then return along the compartment B of the shell. During its return course the action of the transverse baflles will be the same as formerly specified,'and the fluid will eventually pass outwardly through the outlet passageway'18. While a fluid has been circulating from the inlet passageway 17 to the outlet 18 another fluid has been circulating in an opposite direction through the tubes 27. In this instance, the fluid passes into the apparatus through the pipe 32, and, after entering the compartment in the head cap 29, will circulate in the tubes in the compartment B posed, as shown in either of the shell. Upon reaching the opposite end of the core this liquid will be returned to the head cap 29 through the tubes in the compartment A and will thereafter pass outwardly through the pipe 33. It will thus be noted that the flow of current will be opposite in direction in each of the compartments, and that while the fluid within the shell is passing to one end of the apparatus along one of the compartments the fluid in the tubes is passing in the opposite direction in the same compartment, thus insuring that the fluids of extreme temperature will be in contact at all times, and thereby causing a more efficient heat absorption to take place.

lVhile the major! portion of the present description has been concerned with the use of inlet and outlet passages, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4, it will be understood that by the proper arrangement of the heads of the shell and the :longitudinal baflle walls the inlet and outlet passageways could be disof the Figs. 6, 7, d 9. p

It will thus be seen that the apparatus here disclosed may be readily constructed without the use of expensive or complicated parts and so that the parts may be easily-removable and 'maintainedin an operative condition, at the same time insuring that, an

eflicient transfer of heat will take place and that a maximum circulation of fluid and convection may be produced within the apparatus.

It will be understood that thetransverse balfle plhtes may be disposed at any desired angle to the longitudinal axis of the shell, and, furthermore, that additional longitudinal baifle plates may be provided to cause the liquidto traverse the length of the shell a lurality of times. i

aving thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Pat ent is:

1. In a heat exchanger, an end cap, a tube head adapted to rest thereagainst, a plurality of open-ended tubes extending through said head and parallel to each other, a boltsectional longitudinal baflle members adapted to divide the tubes into two groups, transverse perforated baffle members interposed between the sections of said longitudinal battles and a connecting bolt upon which all of said battles are secured.

2. In a heat exchanger, a shell, a nest of tubes therein, fluid inlet and outlet openings at one end of said shell, means for circulating a fluid around the tubes throughout the length of the shell and to return therein, and means for alternately dividing and cont erging the fluid flow in said shell duringits longitudinal course of travel whereby the fluid is spread and the velocity thereof decreased and thereby decreasing the friction between the surface of the shell and the fluid tov a minimum.

3. In a heat exchanger, an end cap, a tube head adapted to rest thereagainst, a plurality' of open-ended tubes extending through said head and parallel to each other, a bolting head through which the apposite ends of said tubes extend, a cap secured to said bolting head whereby communication between all of the tubes may be established, sectional longitudinal baflie members adapted to divide the tubes into two groups, transverse perforated baffle members interposed between the sections of said longitudinal baffles, a connecting bolt upon which all of 'said baflles are secured, and means for retaining J. H. Hnnnmc.

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